Restoring a spinning wheel – preamble

It’s been a few months, but I’m still spinning every day! At least a few minutes, for Reasons (TM).

I didn’t gift myself with an Electric Eel Nano for my birthday after all. Instead, Dear Reader, I blew the Offspring’s school shoe money on a full-on EEW 6.1!! Which I have named Icarus, because it’s basically just a flyer… ta-DUM*. I had the idea of making a carrying box for it out of one of the wooden boxes I have, but that will require more mulling.

Meanwhile, I’ve been trying to gather more info on restoring the wheels I have, especially Columba Dubh, the Shiels wheel. On one trawl through YouTube, I came across this video from the old TV series Hands produced by David Shaw-Smith, which shows, in great detail, James Shiels and his son Charley making a wheel:

I think the current Donegal wheelmaker, Johnny Shiels, must be another son of James and brother of Charley, since he calls himself a 3rd generation wheelmaker.

But what interested me most is that the wheel is described as having 2 separate drive bands, one to the flyer and one to the bobbin. I had thought it was a double-drive machine, with a doubled, figure-of-eight drive band connecting to both flyer and bobbin. I haven’t heard of separate drive bands before – though admittedly I’m no expert – but it sounds like it would be a much easier proposition. There shouldn’t be any need to re-string separate drive bands when switching from spinning to plying. Hmm. I’ll have to keep this in mind for Peigín, my Wee Peggy that I’ve decided to use as a dedicated double-drive. It’s obviously not an “authentic” way to set up a (non-Shiels) double-drive machine, but the practicality is hollering at me…

And the Reasons (TM)? I haz a nu kitteh, as I believe the young people say now. The Offspring dragged me out of the house on a cold and rainy Saturday afternoon because he claimed he could hear a cat crying from the hedge across the road. I was unimpressed, as An Caitín Deasa is prone to yodelling from the fields when sighting prey AND other, usually feral cats, of which there are many in the area. But he echolocated it down to a small section and swore he could see a kitten that was “trapped”, and could I go down the other side of the hedge and see if I could free it. Aye, right, sez I – you’re just a big Jessie like your dad, too scared of spiders and worms to go into the hedge yourself, so you make your poor old crippled Mammie go in instead. And lo, on the other side of the hedge there was a massive sheuch where I went to my undertakings in cold slimy mud, and the feckin wee cat wasn’t trapped at all and ran off…

So, a brief clean-up later, and I was back – this time on the road-side of the hedge, the one without a sheuch – leaning in as far as I could get, with a half-sachet of catfood in one hand, trying to tempt the kitten to come close enough to grab with the other hand. Did I mention this hedge is basically whins and briars? It took about an hour, in the rain, and one failed grab, and many many scratches, but I finally got this ungrateful ball of hiss and claws:

A tiny, very fluffy, ginger kitten. Or possibly a very lost fennec.

and this:

My arm, resting on my laptop, showing a red track going up my arm, indicating blood-poisoning. Luckily, swift treatment with antibiotics and I’m grand again. Always be careful with scratches and bites – they can look unimportant, but they can kill!

His name is Bladhm, meaning blaze, cos he’s fire-coloured. It’s pronounced /blime/, as in “blimey”. He is immensely fluffy – must have some Maine Coon in him – incredibly affectionate and playful, and thinks he is a parrot:

Aarr! A very unflattering pic of me, with Bladhm the parrot-kitten on my shoulder.

I assumed he was feral, but he knew how to use the litterbox straightaway. Also, once he got over his fright and got some food into him (not to mention being so easily attracted by Eau de Catfood on my hands), he very quickly became happy around us hoomans. So… is he an unwanted MC cross or “below-standard” pedigree who was just dumped by the breeder? You hear of such things. But no matter. He has a home now where he will be loved.

He also LOVES fiber and wool, and has appropriated some waste fleece for himself. Sometimes he sleeps on it, sometimes he rolls about on it ecstatically, and sometimes he murders it to death. He will also go after any wool – any animal fibre at all, really – that I’m trying to spin or knit.

Reasons (TM) indeed.


*- I noticed there’s an e-spinner brand called Daedalus, and made the same joke on an Insta thread about it, but got only po-faced responses about branding. Not everyone gets my sense of humour! Or classical references, apparently.

TdF23, S20-s21 – It’s the destination…

No, it’s the journey. And the Destination…

L to R: Herdwick/bio-nylon;

I started this, my first Tour de Fleece, not really knowing how to spin on a wheel. I had only had some brief experience with spindle spinning, born out of an interest in possibly spinning some nettle fibres from my garden. My main wheel, the Ashford Traddy (which still doesn’t have a name – how does Agatha sound?), was, unbeknownst to me, not in full working order, which ate a large part of my Stage 1 spinning day!

My only aim was to spin every day, which I managed. I spun a respectable 2807.1m, which I’m happy with. It’s in bits and bobs, so unlikely to become any large project, but I think I might get a couple of small shawls out of it – and my winter socks!

I also acquired 2 more wheels… Introducing Columba Dubh:

A black Saxony-style wheel, used as a decor item and in need of some TLC.

It is almost certainly a Shiels Ulster wheel from Co Donegal, probably not made by the current owner, Johnny Shiels, so it’s more than 50 years old. Only a single bobbin with it, though I might drive up to Carndonagh and pick up more from Johnny, and get his opinion. Maybe claim friends and family rates, using the ex’s name! It’s been kept somewhere too warm and is showing signs of joint shrinkage, including on the joints of the wheel itself, and the thick leather supports on the flyer are cracked and brittle. But it does spin and I’ve seen worse operating in production mode. I’ve temporarily set it up as a double-drive machine and will probably keep it that way, and hopefully use it as a dedicated woollen spinner once I get the noggin round that.

And this is Inge:

A tiny, tiny Saxony style wheel in pretty bad shape. It’s roughly the size and height of a footstool, and the wheel is about the size of those on than a child’s tricycle or a wheel barrow It is sitting on a dining chair.

It is unbelievably dinky, and I went down a massive rabbit hole researching it. Apparently they were called toy wheels or children’s wheels, but there’s absolutely no evidence that they were produced as such. At one point they did become common in the drawing rooms of aristocratic ladies, mainly as decorative items – but hinting at those ladies’ industrious use of their time! The wheel was carved out of a single piece of wood, and the spokes were hammered in from the outside. Similar wheels are produced by religious groups like the Shakers, Mennonites, and Amish, which speaks to an origin on the continental North Sea region: there are painted versions in the Baltic countries (especially Lithuania), Swedish and Danish versions in light gold woods, and Dutch examples with appliqued tulips on the wheel. But this one differs from them on all counts. It’s a dark wood, no painting or applique, and the wheel shows lines that may or may not be joints – so not carved in one piece as others are. However, there are plugs along the circumference where the spokes were inserted.

I don’t know if I’ll ever be able to get Inge back to pristine condition. There are no marks anywhere to indicate a maker, and the flyer is missing. The width of the maidens is big enough to take a modern flyer – possibly the one on my Traddy, which I’m thinking of replacing with a sliding hook version. But if I do that, it’ll be a Frankenwheel, and I really want to be able to talk to people about my research on it, not what I cobbled together to make it work…

But allons-y next year!

TdF23, S19 – 1-ply wonder!

The black+yellow=green has felted enough to stay a single. Yippee! Even better, it measures 382.6m/418.4yds according to my EEW yarn counter, so it’s a laceweight!

Yesterday, once the B+Y=G was off the spinning wheel, I started another Tub of Joy. This one is mainly bleurgh – sorry, blue – with yellow, orange and purple. I broke off hand-sized chunks to spin, then separated half the chunks into mostly blue, mostly yellow and orange, and mostly purple. I then alternated between whole chunks and separated chunks when spinning. I did have some kind of a plan for spinning the separated chunks in order of yellow/orange, then purple, then blue, but I may have forgotten the order a few times. But the result reminds me of the beach at Rossnowlagh!

Image of a spinning wheel flyer, with a length of unspun top lying on it, and a small amount of spun yarn on the bobbin. the colours are mainly blues (aqua, royal, teal) with smaller amounts of yellow, orange and purple

I think I’m going to full this as a single, too, and I might design a wee shawl with it. I suspect the meterage is going to be greater than B+Y=G as I was playing bobbin-chicken towards the end.

Allons-y!

TdF23, S18 – Speeding to the finish

Today’s #teamwow challenge was to push yourself out of your comfort zone – so I slipped the drive band onto a smaller whorl! IT’S SO FAST! But weirdly much easier.

I woke up stupidly early this morning. Rather than potter about doing nothing much, I started spinning my Hebridean/bio-nylon custom blend which I haven’t touched til now, at this higher speed. And somehow it seems to suit me better! It’s like the extra speed matches my drafting, and it just flows better. I was expecting to spin finer, because that’s what all the experts say – use the smaller grooves in the whorl to spin a finer yarn – but I wasn’t expecting it to be so smooth and free from lumps:


Bobbins containing black  Hebridean/bio-nylon blend, and The Big Orange which is orange, gold, mustard, brass, brown and neppy
Bobbins containing: black Hebridean/bio-nylon blend; and The Big Orange Batt which has recently informed me that it wants to be the weft in a woven stole, with cotton string, if you please, as the warp. Tassels optional, as long as they’re mangy and look like a 3 year old made them.
I… don’t know how to weave.

My Traddy’s flyer has only 2 grooves on its whorl, though I’ve read that it should have 3, and a quick shuftie on Google tells me I could get a 4-speed replacement flyer. Hmm… I do have a birthday coming up. Though I did intend to surprise myself with an Electric Eel Nano… And then there’s the lovverly Shiels wheel I’m watching and salivating over…

I skeined the Tub of Joy single, and it’s soaking as I write. Here it is just before I submerged it:

Olive green skein, with Lipcyl for gauging size
So pretty…

So pretty, in fact, that I’m tempted to leave it as a single. Currently perusing The Spinner’s Book of Yarn Designs for info – and kinda regretting that I didn’t switch to the smaller whorl before I spun this. BRB…

Annnnnd I’ve tried fulling the single as described in SBYD, plunging it successively into hot, then cold water. Of course, it might not be an animal fibre (though I’m pretty sure it’s merino/silk), or it could be superwash-treated, or I might just have made myself a pretty brick <:-(

Tous les jours à tous points de vue je vais de mieux en mieux. Via a series of catastrophes, of course.

Allons-y!

TdF23, S17 – Spin every day, not blog every day…

Yesterday and today I just continued spinning my heavenly black+yellow=green Tub of Joy from World of Wool, along with watching more of Tiny Fibre Studio’s Youtube channel.

I blundered into contact with Becks, who runs the channel, via the Facebook Tour de Fleece page, when I posted about my Shapwick Blaise wheel. She replied, as she has one that’s fully operational – she’s blogged about it, and uses it regularly in her videos. I think her spinning vibe jibes with my own – less interested in art yarns, more in breed-specific and/or purposeful spinning. Okay, I’m generalising from my knitting tastes to spinning, as I can’t really claim to be a spinner yet. Becks has a lovely calming manner and voice, although that can change when her felines overlords, Saffy and Dexter, commit cat-rocities during filming! She explains things in such a simple way, even if she’s demonstrating something that’s relatively new to her, that I feel like I could almost follow along. I’m not going to try just now because I’m concentrating on developing spinning “habit”, but I can see myself going back to specific videos on, say, spinning singles and treating them like a live workshop.

I’m having ideas about Peigín, my Rappard Wee Peggy wheel. Looking her over the other day, I can see a need for some serious TLC which will require a fair bit of research into woodworking, restoration, etc. Possibly enough to blog about, or otherwise document the process. I’ve also decided to set her up as a double drive wheel, rather than risk drilling holes into her for Scotch tensioning. I’ll then have Peigín as a double drive and the Ashford Traddy as a single drive. Not sure what to do with Blaise as she could do either, but I suspect that will take longer to sort out than Peigín.

And I have eyes on a vintage Shiels wheel…

Allons-y!

TdF23, D+15/S15 – High on emotion

Today’s challenge is to photograph my spins to date from the highest point I can, so after redding up (for I am not a domestic creature), here is my handspun from the top of my staircase:

Photograph from the top of a staircase leading to a hall and front door. At the bottom of the steps is a small green box half-filled with skeins of yarn.

That’s it, in the green box. Whaddaya mean, you can’t see it!?!?!

A close-up photograph of the green box, showing more of the contents including half-spun drop spindles.
Close-up of the same box

I am continuing to spin from my Tub of Joy today – nothing more to say on that.

I got an email via Crowdfunder about a project I supported, Fibre to Fabric, which aims to bring back the Northern Irish linen industry. They’ve achieved their goal, but are continuing to collect donations if you fancy supporting them too.

I’m a wee bit peeved at the use of the term “Northern Ireland” in their blurb, as it was more correctly the Ulster linen industry brought to Ireland originally by Huguenot refugees, so it predates Northern Ireland by a couple of centuries. Many farmers all over Ulster and further afield grew a little flax that went into these linen mills. In my genealogical researches, I found that my father’s ancestors were amongst these suppliers, probably to Herdmans’ Mill in Sion Mills. In fact, we employed a couple of women to pre-process the flax: the census lists Cathrine (sic) Cavaney/Cavanagh/Kavanagh (they weren’t too worried about spellings back then) and her daughter Ellen, employed as scutchers. I should have realised there had been some flax grown on our farm, as there was until recently a pond called the “linsteep” at a distance from where the houses were, clearly to be handy for retting the flax whilst simultaneously keeping the smelly process away from the occupants. Though they don’t seem to have been concerned about smelly byres, henhouses and piggeries they built on the farmyard right next to the houses…

Allons-ew…

TdF23, D+14/S14 – Happy place

Today, I ordered a sign for the door of my craft room:

A slate plaque engraved with the words "My Happy Place"
So now I really CAN go there!

That was the theme of #teamwow’s challenge today – spin what makes you happy. So I continued with my big orange batt, spinning 3 sections:

3 bobbins and a small skein of yarn in orange, gold, red, brass, and brown with white and yellow nepps.
Happy shiny

And then, because it was appropriate, I broke open one of the Tubs of Joy from World of Wool. This one made me yell with delight when I saw it – it’s black, with some greenish-yellow shiny fibre (maybe silk?) through it. A bubbling witch’s cauldron of a blend. Amazeballs.

I put on a playlist of beginner’s spinning videos by Tiny Fibre Studio, and started spinning. For a change, I wasn’t fully focussed on the spinning because of the videos, and after reading some of the TdF posts on Facebook I was treadling barefoot. I’m not sure if either or both affected things, but I suddenly realised that I was treadling like the hammers of hell, and whipping out fibre from the draft. Suddenly, because I’d watched 2 or 3 vids by then, and there was no sign of any yarn on the bobbin.

Because it was so tiny and skinny that it couldn’t be seen from my viewpoint.

And it was the most sublime green:

A flyer with a bobbin holding a fine single in shiny olive green
This is my favourite green!

It took AGES to fill it this far! There are short runs of barber-pole black and green, but isn’t it sublime? Like one of those poisonous Amazonian tree-frogs! So shiny!

Sadly, it must have been a discontinued colour, as there’s nothing like it on the website. Boo. Still, there’s 50g in a Tub of Joy… what could I make with that?

Allons-yeah!

TdF23, D+13/S13 – I’m confused…

Somehow I’ve lost a day – this is supposed to be the French breed challenge day, which I did yesterday. Or did I count the Rest Day as a Stage? That’s more like it. I have no interest in watching sports (playing sports, yes, watching, no) so I amn’t familiar with how the Tour de France works…

So, with a day in hand, I’d like to introduce my 3rd wheel! Peigín is a Rappard Wee Peggy which I also picked up soooo cheap as an unsold lot in a local auction house.

A Rappard Wee Peggy castle-style spinning wheel with onboard lazy kate.
Peigín

Like my Blaise, I’m not sure how a New Zealand wheel came to Fermanagh, but the Wee Peggys were posted all over the world – in part because they break apart for easy packaging. There’s a possible serial number, 295680, under the table:

Underside of the spinning heel table, bearing the number 295680.

and a very faded handwritten date under the treadle above the printed maker’s mark, of which I can only make out “4/7”:

A close-up photo of the treadle, with barely-visible black handwriting, of which only "4/7" is visible.

The wheel joints tell me this Wee Peggy was made after 1976:

Close-up photo of the drive wheel, showing a saw-toothed joint
This saw-tooth joint appears on Peggys from 1976

So, April 1976, 7, 8 or 9?

Peigín is complete apart from the brake band, which seems never to have been installed – no hooks on the mother-of-all to run the filament through, or even screw holes. Even the orifice hook is in its assigned place on the table! There’s a little damage to the wood in places, and the bobbin in the flyer has clearly struck something with force at one time, as it’s missing a chunk of flange. I have ordered a brake band kit, however, even if it arrives in time, I doubt I’ll be spinning on it during this TdF. Some of the joints are coming apart, especially on the three-part flyer. I’m going to have to carefully take it apart, clean it, feed the wood, and perhaps glue it back together where the joints have shrunk too much.


The plied black alpaca is skeined up and in the wash:

An image of a skein of black alpaca.
So shiny…

And this is the enormous batt I’m working on:

A huge batt in orange, gold, yellow, red and brown.
So pretty…

Anf a close-up of that bobbin:

A bobbin holding a fine single in shades of orange, gold and red.
So words fail me…

Allons-squeeee…

TdF23, D+11/S12 – Non, j’en ai rien…

No, pas de toison français…

But I do have a tiny amount – 20g or so – of fibre from a sheep with a French name:

a head shot of a Valais Blacknose sheep
Valais Blacknose sheep. Okay they’re Swiss, but they’re French Swiss.

I got this even after hearing things about this sheepiest of sheepy sheep. Specifically that this paragon of sheepdom, this avatar of sheepiness, this apotheosis of Ovidae*, has, well, shit fleece. Despite appearing to be the Living Epitome of Fluff on Earth, its wool is coarse, abrasive and frankly worthless for anything but pot-scourers, though you’d probably want something that was kinder to your hands…

20g of Valais Blacknose raw fleece, washed and split into sections for spinning

Knowing all this, I still went ahead and bought some. I do not have a pic of it when it arrived in the post, but, take it from me – I know whereof I speak – it came out of the envelope looking like the hair from the end of a cow’s tail:

Close-up photo of a cow's tail
Like this, but slightly less smelly

On first touch, it was rougher than a cow’s tail. Washing did nothing to improve the feel, it just made the individual hairs sprout out of the locks. I even tried my intensive moisturising hair conditioner on it – nada. The locks do have a bit of a curl to them, but it’s really just the last inch or so that curls. The rest is straight, inelastic, and utterly lacking in crimp. It looks, feels, acts like … hair. I don’t get how a sheep breed developed for the Alps has fleece so lacking in downy goodness.

Nevertheless, I spun that sucker. It spun surprisingly easily, without trying to tangle or felt in the hands. The individual hairs are quite thick: I tend to spin finer singles, but this is the first occasion where I’ve been able to count the individual hairs in one of my singles:

Photo of my hand, holding the end of the fibre supply before allowing twist into it, clearly showing there are only 8 individual hairs going into the spun single.
EIGHT hairs. Count them.

I would not use it for anything that gets closer to your skin than a hat-veil – it’s quite stiff and unyielding, so it may have suitable sculptural qualities. Spun thicker, it might have uses in some housewares (net curtains?), cordage, or basket-weaving. I plan to try Irish lace crocheting with it.

One positive from the experience – this could be a good fibre for teaching spinning. The fibre moved very smoothly through my hands without tangling or bunching or sticking to itself like normal wool does (or is that just me??!), and there was no problem keeping the twist out of the fibre supply. As a result, I got to practice a few different drafting techniques, including the dreaded long-draw that I messed up a few days ago. These would make Valais Blacknose a good practice fibre for a novice spinner, even if it’s overall a disappointing spinning experience.

Aside from that, I plied the two bobbins of black alpaca I worked on earlier, and started spinning a crazy batt that I think I got at Yarnfolk. It’s huge – about 50cm wide and 70cm long! I had a long think about how I wanted to spin it, looked at loads of tutorials, and finally decided to tear more-or-less uniformly coloured sections off it. There’s still substantial quantities of other colours in each section, so it’s not just going to be long runs of boring stripes. I finished one section today, basically orange, but transitioning through gold, brass, red and brown – and it’s so pretty on the bobbin! I’ll probably 2-ply each section to maintain the basic colour, then maybe make a basic shawl like Revontuli with it. Pics tomorrow!

Allons-y!


*: yes, yes, it’s Bovidae, but that calls to mind cattle, not sheep.

TdF23, D+11/S12 – Surprise middle…

I wasn’t going to bring this out til near the end, but #teamwow’s challenge today is to spin a plant fibre. Bonus points if it’s a fibre from your garden. Soooo…

3 very pale green rolags sitting on a pair of hand carders. 4 hair pick combs and a pair of reading glasses lie to the side.
Carded rolags – I use the hair picks in pairs for combing fibre

Can you guess what it is?

A small quantity of very pale green yarn on a Takhli spindle with an Irish half-crown coin as a whorl.
Thread on my Takhli spindle, Tosh.

Does this help?

Illustration from the fairy tale, The Wild Swans, showing a young woman knitting a green top, surrounded by 10  swans wearing crowns.
The Wild Swans

It’s nettle fibre!! Picked, de-foliated, stripped, bashed, dried, scutched, hackled, boiled in washing soda, dried again, and finally carded all by yours truly. I have been following experimental archaeologist Sally Pointer for a while now, finding out the many ways to process bast fibre (the outer ‘skin’ on the stem) from a variety of plants including nettle. This fibre is about 1/5 of the crop from about 100 dried green-stemmed nettles from the clump at the top of my garden (well, it’s really a field, just with some flowers in one part). The rest is soaking in washing soda for a week and will then be divided into combed-only and carded-only, to see if that makes a difference. I also have another 100 red-stemmed nettles from the bottom of the garden, which were processed differently – I stripped the bast off when the nettles were fresh, not dried – and are still drying. I plan to do a few other experiments this year to see what works best for my purposes.

And what are my purposes? I have become a wee bit obsessed with producing the finest possible fibre from my nettles – the kind used in expensive textiles known as ‘Nordic silk‘.

Nordic silk curtains found in Fossesholm Manor, Buskerud, Norway
Nordic silk curtains found in Fossesholm Manor, Buskerud, Norway (Photo: Nina Kristiansen)
Rear view of 18th-century Danish embroidered wedding dress woven from fine nettle fibre, now held in the National Museum of Denmark.
Nettle wedding dress,  National Museum of Denmark.

No, I’m not planning a wedding dress. But a little lace scarf would be nice.

This experiment was not very successful. The boiling was probably too harsh, breaking down most of the fibres to fluff, leaving just enough whole bast fibres to spin into a rather thick twine. Still, plenty more nettles in the garden!

FAQs

Yes, they do sting. But, like rambunctious dogs and snotty teenagers, they are best handled firmly. Grab the nettle at the base in one hand, clamp your other hand firmly on the bottom of the stem and pull the stalk through. At a pinch, you can use something to cover your hands for protection, e.g., kitchen gloves, plastic shopping bag, etc.

No, you shouldn’t make soup/tea/beer with the leaves you’ve removed. Older leaves have tummy-upsetting chemicals – but they can be added to your compost. If you wish to consume your nettles, get them early in the season, before they’ve flowered. Don’t throw away the seeds! They’re very nutritious – if you don’t eat them, leave them out on your bird table.

Nettles are best harvested for fibre after flowering and when the lowest leaves begin to turn yellow. However, useable fibre can be harvested from dead nettles that have over-wintered. Choose tall nettles with no side-shoots.

The fully-cleaned fibre is white – I was just in a bit of a rush!